Overview
The Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems at Chanakya University organised a two-day lecture series on Sino–Indian History of Science, delivered by Prof. Bill M. Mak, Professor at the University of Science and Technology of China and Research Associate at the Needham Research Institute, Cambridge.
The programme commenced with opening remarks by Prof. Yashavantha Dongre, Vice-Chancellor, Chanakya University, who underscored the University’s commitment to strengthening international academic collaborations and fostering meaningful global scholarly engagement.
The thematic context for the lecture series was further articulated by Prof. Ramakrishna Pejathaya, Director, Centre for IKS. He emphasised that Chinese historical sources play a crucial role in extending and refining our understanding of Indian astral sciences. Highlighting the dynamic exchanges between ancient civilisations, he noted how knowledge travelled across regions, how concepts were adapted in new intellectual environments, and how these interactions contributed to the evolution of scientific thought.
23rd Feb 2026
Lecture One – Monks, Merchants, and the Stars: The Journey of Astral Knowledge from India and Eurasia to China
The first lecture explored the transmission of astral knowledge across Eurasia during the first millennium CE and its integration into Chinese intellectual traditions. Prof. Mak examined the role of monks, merchants, and travellers as active agents in the movement of astronomical and astrological knowledge, particularly during cosmopolitan phases of Chinese history.
Through comparative analysis of Chinese sources alongside Sanskrit and Pāli Buddhist texts, as well as materials associated with Nestorian, Zoroastrian, and Manichean traditions, he demonstrated the processes of translation, adaptation, and localisation. Rather than passive borrowing, foreign astral sciences were critically interpreted and reshaped within Chinese scholarly and religious frameworks. The case studies presented were drawn from his recent monograph, Foreign Astral Science in China—From the Six Dynasties to the Northern Song (Needham Research Institute Monograph Series, Routledge).
24th February 2026
Lecture Two – India and China: 2500 Years of Shared Wisdom, Innovation, and Influence
The second lecture, designed for a broader audience, traced more than 2,500 years of interaction between India and China. Addressing ethics and philosophy, geopolitics, and scientific advancement, Prof. Mak highlighted the movement of ideas, technologies, and governance principles across Eurasia.
By linking historical exchanges to contemporary global contexts, the lecture invited reflection on how these enduring civilisations can continue contributing constructively to present-day intellectual and societal challenges.
Approximately 60–70 faculty members, staff, and students attended the sessions and benefited from the rich academic discourse. Both lectures concluded with engaging and interactive question-and-answer sessions, reflecting the keen interest and active participation of the audience.
